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A preliminary multicenter study for the detection of toxic hepatitis induced by various plant preparations and healthy foods and the development of nationwide reporting system of toxic hepatitis
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Background/Aims: With increasing global interests on complimentary and alternative medicine, reported number of hepatotoxicity have rapidly increased. It might also be true in Korea. However, the pre4valence of hepatotoxicity has never been reported in Korea. A pilot, prospective, multi-center study was performed to investigate the prevalence of hepatotoxicity and to set up a nationwide reporting system in Korea...Materials and Methods: Cases with acute liver injury due to hepatotoxicity in 7 university hospitals were collected and evaluated prospectively from Mar 2003 to Oct 2003. The patients enrollment was confined to hospitalized adult, and many with mild forms of acute liver injury was not included in this study. The hepatotoxicity was diagnosed by RUCAM scale which was modified and adjusted to the botanicals instead of conventional drugs. Results: Fifty five severe toxic hepatitis cases were newly detected during the study period in 7 university hospitals. The extrapolated annual frequency of severe toxic hepatitis in Korea was 1904 cases per year. The estimated annual frequency per 1000 referral hospital beds of severe toxic hepatitis in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungchung, Cholla, Gyungsang, Gangwon area were 4, 5.8, 18.4, 27.4, 27.3 and 36, respectively. The regional difference between Seoul/Gyeonggi area(5.2/10001 referral hospital beds) and other areas(27.1/1000 referral hospital beds) was quite big.The most frequent etiologies of severe toxic hepatitis were herb medications and similar plant preparations(61.7£¥). Traditional therapeutic preparations and healthy foods were also important etiologies(29.1£¥). The conventional drugs were less important(7.3£¥) as etiologies of severe toxic hepatitis. A few cases(3.6£¥) who had superimposed toxic hepatitis on pre-existing liver disease were dead. The frequency of hepatitis type, mixed type, and cholestatic type according to R value were 78.2£¥, 10.9£¥, and 10.9£¥, respectively. There were no significant correlations among clinical types of toxic hepatitis, age, sex, etiology, duration of etiologic material ingestion, duration of hospital admission, and modified RUCAM score. Conclusion: (1) The estimated annual frequency of severe toxic hepatitis in Korea is 1904 cases per year. (2) The estimated annual frequency of severe toxic hepatitis in Chungchung, Cholla, Gyungsang, Gangwon area is much higher(27.1/1000 referral hospital beds) than Seoul, Gyeonggi area(5.2/1000 referral hospital beds). (3) The most frequent etiologies of severe toxic hepatitis are herb medications and similar plant preparations(61.7£¥). Traditional therapeutic preparations and healthy foods are also important etiologies(29.1£¥). The conventional drugs are less important(7.3£¥) as etiologies of severe toxic hepatitis. (4) A few cases(3.6£¥) who had superimposed toxic hepatitis on pre-existing liver disease were dead.
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