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Incidence of Herb Hepatotoxicity in Korea

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Back ground:
With increasing global interests on complimentary and alternative medicine, reported number of phyto-hepatotoxicity have been rapidly increasing unexceptionally in Korea. However, due to the absence of objective and consistent method in the diagnosis, the prevalence of the phyto-hepatotoxicity has never been reported.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to investigate; 1) the prevalence of acute hepatic injury due to botanicals and its products and 2) the applicability of the clinical diagnostic scales in the diagnosis of phyto-hepatotoxicity.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 751 hospitalized patients with acute liver injury were consecutively studied for the etiology of their liver injury from Mar 1998 to Oct 2002. Because of the patients enrollment was confined to hospitalized adult, many with mild forms of acute liver injury was not included in this study. Of the total 98 cases of clinically diagnosed phyto-hepatotoxicities, RUCAM and M&V scales were applied to 94 cases. The axes of bibliographical data of both scoring systems were modified and adjusted to the botanicals instead of conventional drugs before their application.

Results:
A total of 751 patients with acute hepatic injury was diagnosed as 117(15.6%) acute type A viral hepatitis, 80(10.7%) acute type B viral hepatitis, 28(3.7%) acute type C viral hepatitis, 111(14.8%) conventional drug-induced, 98(13.0%) phyto-hepatotoxicity, 140(18.6%) alcohol and 177(23.6%) others (reactive transaminitis, NASH and undetrmined). According to both scales the probability of the diagnosis were classified into 5 categories as 'definite', 'probable', 'possible', 'unlikely' and 'excluded. The generation of the scores were available in 94 cases among the total 98 phyto-hepatotoxicity. The correlation between the two scales was generally poor. The M&V scale classified 37(37.8%) out of 94 as below the level 'possible' while RUCAM classified all 94 cases as diagnostic criteria.

Conclusion:
The incidence of phyto-hepatotoxicity was 13.0% in hospitalized adult patients with acute liver injury in the period between Mar 1998 to Oct 2002. The clinical diagnostic scales fer the assessment of hepatotoxicity due to conventional drug were also useful in the assessment of phyto-hepatotoxicity. Especially, RUCAM scale showed better discriminative power and produced closer assessments to those of specialist, however, it needed adjustment before its application. Herein we present a new modified scale (Phyto-Scale) fer the assessment of phyto-hepatotoxicity which was adjusted RUCAM scale to the botanicals and its products but modified in part to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Note.
This study was supported by contract(from 04-01-2002 to 11-30-2002) with NITR, KFDA.

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