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Extra! September/October 1995:
½ºÆ¼ºê ·»´Þ, Áü ³ë·¹Ä«½º
By Steve Rendall and Jim Naureckas
1. ¾Æ´ÏŸ ÈúÀÌ Å¬·¡·±½º Å丶½º¿¡°Ô ¼ºÈñ·ÕÀ» ´çÇß´Ù´Â Á¡À» ½ÇÁõÇÏ·Á°í °ÅÁþ¸»Å½Áö±â °Ë»ç¸¦ ¹ÞÀÚ, ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀº 91³â 10¿ù15ÀÏ "½Å·ÚÀÇ Çù°î"À̶ó´Â »ç¼³¿¡¼ "°ÅÁþ¸»Å½Áö±â °Ë»ç´Â ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ý¿ø¿¡¼ Áõ°Å·Î Àß ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù"°í Çß´Ù.
1. When Anita Hill took a polygraph test to try to substantiate her charges of sexual harassment against Clarence Thomas, the Journal attacked her in an editorial (10/15/91) titled "Credibility Gulch": "Lie detector tests are so unreliable they are rarely allowed as evidence in court."
±×·¯³ª 8°³¿ù µÚÀÎ 92³â 6¿ù9ÀÏ ÀüÁ÷ ±¹¹æÀå°ü ij½ºÆÛ ¿ÍÀιö°Å(±×´Â ÀÌ ½Å¹® »ç¼³³¿¡ Á¾Á¾ ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â ÀÌ´Ù)°¡ À̶õ-ÄÜÆ®¶ó »ç°Ç °ü·Ã À§ÁõÁË·Î ±â¼ÒµÇÀÚ, ÀÌ ½Å¹®Àº °ÅÁþ¸»Å½Áö±â °Ë»ç¸¦ ±×ÀÇ ¹«Á˸¦ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ±Ù°Å·Î ³»³ù´Ù. "¿ÍÀιö°Å¾¾´Â °ÅÁþ¸»Å½Áö±â °Ë»ç¸¦ °ÅÃÆ´Ù"°í.
But just eight months later (6/9/92), when the Journal argued against an Iran-contra perjury indictment of former Secretary of Defense (and editorial page contributor) Caspar Weinberger, this was its main evidence for Weinberger's innocence: "Mr. Weinberger has taken and passed a lie-detector test on the matter."
2. ºñ½Ã½Ã¾ÆÀÌ(BCCI)ÀºÇàÀÇ ÆÛ½ºÆ®¾Æ¸Þ¸®ÄÀºÇà Àμö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç¸¦ °Å·ÐÇÏ¸é¼ ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀº 94³â 10¿ù28ÀÏ "¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °ü½ÉÀº ÇÑÁÜÀÇ ¾Æ¶ø ¾Ç´çµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿ö½ÌÅϽÿ¡¼ °¡Àå Å« ÀºÇàÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ°Ô µÆ´Â°¡ÀÌ´Ù"¶ó°í Çß´Ù.
2. Referring to the investigation into the BCCI takeover of the First American Bank, the Journal asked (10/28/94): "The particular U.S. concern is discerning how a pack of Arab crooks got control of the biggest bank in Washington, D.C."
»·»·½º·¯¿î ÀÎÁ¾ÁÖÀÇ´Â º°°³·Î ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ -- ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀÌ ¾î¶² »óȲ¿¡¼°Ç "ÇÑÁÜÀÇ À¯ÅÂÀÎ ¾Ç´ç"À̶ó°í ¾²´Â °ÍÀº »ó»óµµ ¸øÇÒ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù -- ÀÌ ÀºÇà ¿î¿µÀÚ´Â ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¼³¸³ÀÚ ¾Æ°¡ ÇÏ»ê ¾Æº£µð¿Í ÃÖ°í °æ¿µÀÎ ½º¿Ð·¹ ³ªÅ©ºñ´Â ÆÄŰ½ºÅºÀÎÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀºÇà¿¡ ºúÀ» °±Áö¾ÊÀº ÃÖ´ë 乫ÀÚÀÎ °íÄ® °¡Á·Àº ÀεµÀÎÀÌ´Ù. °¡Àå Å« ¼ÕÇØ¸¦ º» ÀÌ´Â ¾Æ¶ø±¹ÀÎ ¾ÆºÎ´ÙºñÀÇ Áö¹èÀÚ´Ù.
Besides the blatant racism--it's unimaginable in any context that the Journal would write of "a pack of Jewish crooks"--BCCI was not run by Arabs. BCCI's founder, Agha Hasan Abedi, and Swaleh Naqvi, its chief executive officer, are Pakistani. The Gokal family, which received the largest defaulted loans, are Indian. The biggest loser in the scandal was the ruler of Abu Dhabi, an Arab country.
¿Ü±¹ °ü·Ã »ç±â
Deception Overseas
ÀÌ ½Å¹®ÀÇ »ç¼³¸é ºÎÆíÁýÀÎ Á¶Áö ¸á·ÐÀÌ 82³â 2¿ù19ÀÏ `¸Æ´Ò/³×·¯ ´º½º¾Æ¿ì¾î'¿¡ ³ª¿Í, ¿¤»ì¹Ùµµ¸£ÀÇ ¿¤¸ðÁ¶Å׿¡¼ »ý±ä ¹Î°£ÀÎ Çл쿡 ´ëÇÑ ´º¿åŸÀÓ½ºÀÇ ·¹À̸óµå º¸³Ê ±âÀÚÀÇ º¸µµ¸¦ ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀÌ ºñ³ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¹àÇû´Ù. ¸á·ÐÀº º¸³Ê°¡ "¸¶¸£Å©½ºÁÖÀÇ´Â ÀÚ¿¬½º·´´Ù´Â Á¤Ä¡Àû ÆíÇâ"ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ½ÄÀ¸·Î ³ÍÁö½Ã ¸»Çß´Ù. Áõ°Å¸¦ ´ë¶ó°í ÇÏÀÚ, ¸á·ÐÀº º¸³Ê°¡ "°Ô¸±¶ó¿îµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â»ç¿¡¼, °Ô¸±¶óµé°ú ÇÔ²² ´Ù´Ï¸ç ÃëÀçÇß´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹àÈ÷Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù"°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
3. George Melloan, then deputy editor of the Wall Street Journal editorial page, appeared on the MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour (2/19/82) to explain why the Journal had vilified the New York Times' Raymond Bonner for reporting on a massacre of civilians in El Mozote,
El Salvador. Melloan insinuated that Bonner had a "political orientation that is Marxist in nature." Pressed for evidence, Melloan said Bonner "was covering the guerrilla movement in El Salvador without ever telling anyone, any of his readers, that he was being conducted around the country on a tour by the guerrillas themselves."
´º½ºµ¥ÀÌÀÇ ½Ãµå´Ï ¼¢¹ö±×°¡ 92³â 10¿ù27ÀÏ ÁöÀûÇßµí, º¸³Ê´Â 4¹øÀÇ ¿¬Àç ±â»ç °¢ ȸ¸¶´Ù ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹Ý±ºµé°ú ÇÔ²² ´Ù³æ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹àÇû´Ù. ùȸ Á¦¸ñÀº "»ì¹Ùµµ¸£ ¹Ý±º°ú ÇÔ²² ÀüÅõÁö´ë¸¦ °¡´Ù"ÀÌ´Ù.
As Newsday's Sydney Schanberg pointed out (10/27/92), each of the four articles that Bonner wrote when he was travelling with the rebels pointed this out; the first article in the series (1/26/82) was headlined "With Salvador's Rebels in Combat Zone."
4. Àü¿¡´Â ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀÇ »ç¼³¸é¿¡ ±ÛÀ» ½è°í ¿äÁòµµ °¡²û ±â°íÇÏ´Â Áêµå ¿ö´Ï½ºÅ°´Â, ´º¿åŸÀÓ½º 88³â 4¿ù12ÀÏÄ¡¿¡ ½Ç¸° ÆíÁö¿¡¼ ¿¤»ì¹Ùµµ¸£ÀÇ ±ºÀÎÀ̸ç Á¤Ä¡°¡ÀÎ ·Îº£¸£Åä µµºß¼ÛÀÌ »ìÀκδë¿Í ¿¬·çµÆ´Ù°í º¼¸¸ÇÑ Áõ°Å°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ±×·¯¸é¼ ±â»ç¸¦ "¸ÞÄ«½ÃÀû(McCarthyist)"À̸ç "ÃÖ±Ù 10³â°£ °¡Àå ¼º°øÀûÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ Á¶ÀÛ ¼±Àü"À̶ó°í ³«ÀÎÂï¾ú´Ù.
4. In a letter to the New York Times (4/12/88), Journal editorial page contributor and former editorial writer Jude Wanniski claimed there was no evidence linking Salvadoran military officer/politician Roberto D'Aubuisson to death squads, labeling reports to the contrary as "McCarthyist" and "one of the most successful propaganda hoaxes of the decade."
µµºß¼ÛÀÌ »ìÀκδ뿡 ¿¬·çµÆ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¡Àº ·¹ÀÌ°Ç Á¤ºÎÀÇ ³»ºÎ ¸Þ¸ð¿¡¼µµ È®ÀεƴÙ. 81³â 3¿ù18ÀÏ Áß¾ÓÁ¤º¸±¹ÀÌ ´ç½Ã ºÎÅë·ÉÀÎ Á¶Áö ºÎ½Ã¿¡°Ô Á¦ÃâÇÑ º¸°í¼´Â "µµºß¼ÛÀÌ ¶¥ ºÎÀÚµéÀÇ ºÎÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç Áö³ÇØ¿¡ ÁÂÀÍ ¶Ç´Â ÁÂÀÍ µ¿Á¶ÀÚ ÇøÀǰ¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼öõ¸íÀ» Á×ÀÎ ¿ìÀÍ »ìÀκδ븦 °üÀåÇÏ´Â Àι°ÀÌ´Ù"°í ¹àÇû´Ù.
85³â 7¿ù31ÀÏÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ ¿Ü±³ºÎ(±¹¹«ºÎ) ÀüÅë¿¡´Â, µµºß¼ÛÀÌ ¿¤»ì¹Ùµµ¸£ °¡Å縯 ÁöµµÀÚÀÎ ¿À½ºÄ« ·Î¸Þ·Î ´ëÁÖ±³¸¦ ¾Ï»ìÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ ´©°¡ "ÀâÀ»±î"¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¸ðÀÓÀ» À̲ø¾ú´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù. (¿ö½ÌÅÏÆ÷½ºÆ® 94³â 1¿ù4ÀÏÄ¡)
D'Aubuisson's well-publicized ties to death squads have been confirmed by internal Reagan administration memos. A March 18, 1981 CIA report to then-Vice President Bush read: "D'Aubuisson has served as principal henchman for the wealthy landowners and as a coordinator of the right-wing death squads that have murdered several thousand suspected leftists and leftist sympathizers during the past year." A July 31, 1985 State Department cable stated that D'Aubuisson led a meeting in which lots were drawn to decide who would "win" the opportunity to assassinate Archbishop
Oscar Romero, the head of El Salvador's Catholic Church (Washington Post, 1/4/94).
5. 79³â 11¿ù8ÀÏÄ¡¿Í 89³â 6¿ù30ÀÏÄ¡ ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀÇ »ç¼³Àº ¾Ó°ñ¶ó °Ô¸±¶óÀÎ Á¶³ª½º »çºöºñ¸¦ "Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥¿¡ ¸Â¼ ½Î¿î ³ë·ÃÇÑ ±ºÀÎ"À̶ó°í ¾ð±ÞÇß°í 88³â 12¿ù21ÀÏÄ¡ »ç¼³Àº ±×°¡ À̲ô´Â "À¯´ÏŸ(UNITA) ¹Ý±ºÀÌ 23³âµ¿¾È ¾Ó°ñ¶óÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ À§ÇØ ÅõÀïÇß´Ù"°í Àû¾ú´Ù.
5. Journal editorials referred to Angolan guerrilla Jonas Savimbi as "a veteran of the struggle against Portugal" (11/8/79; 6/30/89) and claimed that his "UNITA rebels have been fighting for Angola's freedom for 23 years." (12/21/88)
±×·¯³ª Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥ ±º´ë°¡ ÁøÂ¥ ¹ÝÁ¦±¹ÁÖÀÇ ¼¼·Â¿¡ ¸Â¼·Á°í »çºöºñ¸¦ °í¿ëÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀº, 78³â Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥ ±º»çÁ¤ºÎ°¡ ¹«³ÊÁø µÚ ¹ß°ßµÈ ÆíÁö¿¡¼ ÀÌ¹Ì µå·¯³ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. (·¹ÀÌ µî °øÀú, ´õ·¯¿î ÀÏ 2, Á¶½¼°ú ¸¶Æ¾, ÇÁ·ÐÆ®¶óÀÎ ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«)
According to correspondence discovered after the Portuguese military government fell in 1978, Savimbi was on the Portuguese military payroll as an agent fighting against genuine anti-colonial forces (Ray et al., Dirty Work 2; Johnson and Martin, Frontline
Southern Africa)
6. ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀº ÃÖ±Ù ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ³²ÅÂÆò¾ç ÇÙ½ÇÇèÀ» ¸·À¸·Á ÇÑ È¯°æ´Üü ±×¸°Çǽº¿¡ ´ëÇØ Æø·ÂÀ» ¾²¶ó°í ÁÖ¹®ÇÏ´Â µíÇÑ ÀλóÀ» Áá´Ù. 95³â 7¿ù12ÀÏÄ¡ »ç¼³Àº "À̼ºÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿ä±¸ÀÇ ½ÏÀ» Æ·¿ì·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ±¤½ÅÀÚµéÀ» »ó´ëÇÒ ¶§´Â, Á¾Á¾ ÈûÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í ¿Ü¿¡ ´ë¾ÈÀÌ ¾ø´Ù"°í Çß´Ù.
6. The Journal recently seemed to encourage France to use violence against Greenpeace in its attempt to blockade French nuclear testing in the South Pacific: "When confronted by fanatics spouting irrational demands, there is often no alternative to using force," an editorial declared (7/12/95).
±×·¯³ª ÇÙ½ÇÇèÀ» Áß´ÜÇ϶ó´Â ±×¸°ÇǽºÀÇ "À̼ºÀûÀÌÁö ¸øÇÑ ¿ä±¸"¿¡ ¸ðµç ³²ÅÂÆò¾ç ¼¶³ª¶ó ±¹°¡ ÁöµµÀÚ´Â ¹°·ÐÀÌ°í ¿À½ºÆ®·¹Àϸ®¾Æ, ´ºÁú·£µå, ÀϺ»ÀÇ "±¤½ÅÀÚ" ÃѸ®µéÀÌ È£ÀÀÇß´Ù.
Greenpeace's "irrational demands"--that the French cease testing nuclear weapons in the South Pacific--are echoed by the "fanatic" prime ministers of Australia, New Zealand and Japan, as well as the heads of state of virtually every Pacific
Island country.
¹üÁË¿Í Ã³¹ú
Crime and Punishment
94³â 2¿ù11ÀÏÄ¡ ¹üÁË¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¼³¿¡¼ ÀÌ ½Å¹®Àº "°µµµéÀÌ Áõ°Å¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö±â À§ÇØ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº °ÅÀÇ ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ÀÏÀÌ µÆ´Ù"°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.
7. In an editorial on crime (2/11/94), the Wall Street Journal claimed "it is very nearly routine procedure for criminals to kill their victims during a robbery to get rid of the evidence."
±×·¯³ª ¹Ì±¹¿¬¹æ¼ö»ç±¹ Åë°è¿¡ µû¸£¸é, 92³â °µµ»ç°ÇÀº 67¸¸2480°ÇÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í °µµ¿Í ¿¬·çµÈ »ìÀÎÀº 2254°Ç »ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. 100¿¡ 99.7¹øÀº °µµ°¡ »ç¶÷À» Á×ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
According to FBI statistics, there were 672,480 robberies in 1992, and 2,254 murders associated with robberies--so about 99.7 percent of the time, robbers did not kill their victims.
8. »ç¼³¸é¿¡ ½Ç¸®´Â "À¯¸íÇϰí ÀοëÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ"À̶ó´Â Ä÷³Àº 92³â 11¿ù13ÀÏÄ¡¿¡¼ ±³»çµéÀÌ ÁöÀûÇÏ´Â °ø¸³Çб³ ¹®Á¦¸¦ 40³â´ë °æ¿ì("Â÷·Ê°¡ ¾Æ´Ñµ¥ ¹ß¾ðÇÏ´Â °Í, ²¾Ã´Â °Í, ¶°µå´Â °Í µîµî")¿Í 90³â´ë °æ¿ì("»ìÀÎ, °°£, °µµ µîµî")·Î ³ª´² ´ëºñ½ÃÄ×´Ù.
8. An editorial page "Notable & Quotable" column (11/13/92) compared "top problems in the public schools as identified by teachers" in 1940 ("Talking Out of Turn, Chewing Gum, Making Noise...") and in 1990 ("Suicide, Rape, Robbery...").
ÀÌ ½Å¹®Àº ÀüÇô »ó°ü¾ø´Â µÎ°¡Áö ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ºñ±³Çß´Ù°¡ °ñÅÁÀ» ¸ÔÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÑ ¸ñ·ÏÀº 74~75³â Çб³ ¹üÁË¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±³Àåµé¿¡°Ô Áú¹®ÇÑ (´äº¯ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó) ¸ñ·ÏÀ̰í, ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº 43³â¿¡ ²ÅÈù Çб³¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÈçÇÑ °ñÄ©°Å¸®´Ù. (ÀÌ À߸øµÈ ºñ±³´Â 94³â 3¿ù6ÀÏÄ¡ ´º¿åŸÀÓ½º ¸Å°ÅÁø¿¡¼ Æø·ÎµÆ´Ù.) (92³â 9¿ù11ÀÏÄ¡ °è°£ ÀÇȸ¿¬±¸ÀÚ¿¡ ½Ç¸°) ÀÌ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ±×´ë·Î ÀοëÇÏ¸é¼ ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀº ½Ç¼ö¸¦ Çϳª µ¡ºÙÀ̱â±îÁö Çß´Ù. "±Ù·¡"¶ó´Â ½Ã´ë¸¦ 80³â¿¡¼ 90³âÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ã³õÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
The Journal got caught by a hoax which compared two totally dissimilar lists: One was based on the questions (not the responses) from a 1974-75 poll asking principals about crime in their schools, while the other was derived from a 1943 list of the most common classroom problems. (The phony comparison was debunked in the
New York Times Magazine, 3/6/94.) In reprinting the lists (from Congressional Quarterly Researcher, 9/11/92), the Journal added an error of its own--moving the date of the "modern" problems from 1980 to 1990.
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Tree Muggers
½ÀÁö¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬¹æ±ÔÁ¤À» ¾î±ä ÇøÀÇ·Î ±â¼ÒµÈ ºô ¿¤·±ÀÇ »ç¸éÀ» Ã˱¸ÇÏ´Â 92³â 11¿ù18Àϰú 93³â 1¿ù15ÀÏ »ç¼³¿¡¼ ÀÌ ½Å¹®Àº ¿¤·±ÀÌ ´ÜÁö "À̵¿Çϴ ö»õµéÀ» ²ø¾îµéÀ̱â À§ÇØ ... ¾ß»ýµ¿¹° º¸È£¼Ò"¸¦ ¼³Ä¡Çß´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ¶Ç ±×°¡ ±â¼ÒµÈ °ÍÀº "¿¾³¯¿¡ ¶¥ º¸Àü ´ã´ç ±â°üÀÌ ½ÀÁö°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ÆÇÁ¤"ÇßÀ¸¸ç (³ªÁß¿¡) "¹Ì±¹À» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½ÀÁö¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ" °÷¿¡ "ÁøÈë µÎÂ÷ ºÐ·®À»" ¹ö·È´Ù´Â Á¡ ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ½Å¹®Àº ¿¤·±ÀÌ "ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÈëÀ» ¹ö¸± ¶§´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê´ø [1989³â]ÀÇ ±âÁØÀ» À§¹ÝÇß´Ù"´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ºÎ´çÇÏ°Ô ±â¼ÒµÆ´Ù°í ¿ì°å´Ù.
9. In two editorials (11/18/92, 1/15/93) urging a pardon for Bill Ellen, convicted in a federal court of violating federal wetlands regulations, the Journal claimed Ellen had merely been building a "wildlife sanctuary...to attract migrating waterfowl," and was prosecuted because he had "allowed two loads of dirt" to be dumped "on land that someone representing the U.S. said was a wetland," in an area that "the Soil Conservation Service had previously deemed non-wetland." Ellen,
the Journal argued, had been unfairly charged with "violating a [1989] regulatory standard that didn't exist at the time of his actions."
ºô ¿¤·±ÀÇ "¾ß»ýµ¿¹° º¸È£¼Ò"´Â »ç½ÇÀº »ç³É¿ë ½Ã¼³À̾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÌ´Â ³ªÁß¿¡ »ý±ä ±ÔÁ¤À» ¾î°Ü ±â¼ÒµÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 72³â¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ûÁ¤¼öÁú¹ýÀ» ´Ù¼¸¹øÀ̳ª ¾î°å±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±â¼ÒµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¤·±Àº ¸í¹éÇÑ ½ÀÁö 86¿¡ÀÌÄ¿¸¦ ÈëÀ¸·Î ¹¯Àº ÇøÀǸ¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¸Å¸³ÇÑ ¶¥ °¡¿îµ¥´Â ÀÛÀº ¸¸µµ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ. ÀÌ´Â 1898³â¿¡ Á¦Á¤µÈ `°°ú Ç×±¸¹ý'À» À§¹ÝÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (¿ö½ÌÅÏÆ÷½ºÆ® 93³â 2¿ù20ÀÏÄ¡) ¿¤·±Àº »õ ±ÔÁ¤ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁø 89³âº¸´Ù 1³âÀüÀÎ 88³â¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÛ¾÷À» Áß´ÜÇ϶ó´Â °æ°í¸¦ ¼¼Â÷·Ê³ª ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¾ð·ÐÀÎ ºô ÁöÆ÷µå°¡ 93³â 11¿ùÄ¡ ¿ù°£ ¿ö½ÌÅÏ¿¡ ¾´ °ÍÀ» º¸¸é "°í¼Ò´Â ³íÀïÀÇ ¿©Áö¾ø´Â ½ÀÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Í¿¡¸¸ °ü·ÃµÆÁö¸¸, ¿¤·±ÀÌ ÈëÀ¸·Î ä¿ì°Å³ª ÇüÁúÀ» º¯°æ½ÃŲ ¸éÀûÀº 1000¿¡ÀÌÄ¿¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ½ÀÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ±ÔÁ¤Àº ÀïÁ¡ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù."
Bill Ellen's "wildlife sanctuary" was actually a hunting reserve. He was not charged for violating new regulations, but rather on five counts of violating the Clean Water Act of 1972. Ellen was convicted of filling some 86 acres of clearly wet areas, including part of a tidal creek, a violation of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1898 (Washington Post, 2/20/93). Ellen had already received three warnings to stop in 1988--a year before the 1989 regulations were added. According to journalist Bill Gifford in the Washington Monthly (11/93), "Ellen had filled or altered close to 1,000 acres,
though the prosecution focused on areas that were indisputedly wet; the new wetland definition wasn't even an issue."
10. "¸êÁ¾ µ¿½Ä¹°¹ýÀ» ¾î±ä °ÍÀº ¸¶ÀÌŬ ·Î·Î¼´Â ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ÇൿÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù"¶ó°í ±â¾÷°æÀï·Â¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ ÀÌÄÉ ¼ö±×°¡ 93³â 11¿ù10ÀÏ ÀÌ ½Å¹® »ç¼³¶õ¿¡ ½Ç¸° Ä÷³¿¡ ½è´Ù. Ä÷³ÀÇ Á¦¸ñÀº "ÁýÀ» ÀÒ°í Á㸦 »ì¸®´Ù"ÀÌ´Ù. ¼ö±×´Â ·Î°¡ 93³â 10¿ù ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ½£¿¡¼ ºÒÀÌ ³ªÀÚ º¸È£µ¿¹°ÀÎ ½ºÅ×ÇÂIJ°¡·çÁãÀÇ ¼½Äó ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÖ´Â "¹æÈ´ë¸¦ Ä¡¿ö" "ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁýÀÌ ºÒ¿¡ Ÿ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·¾Ò´Ù"°í ½è´Ù.
¼ö±×´Â IJ°¡·çÁã ¿¬±¸Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ 7¸¸7000¿¡ÀÌÄ¿ÀÇ °³ÀÎ ¶¥ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ 29äÀÇ Áý ÁÖÀε鵵 ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¹ýÀ» ¾î°å´õ¶ó¸é ÁýÀ» °ÇÁ³À» °Å¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇϸé¼, "·ÎÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôµéÀº ¹ýÀ» ÁöŰ´À¶ó ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÁýÀ» ÀÒ°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù"°í ÇÑźÇß´Ù.
10. "Violating the Endangered Species Act just might be the best thing Michael Rowe ever did," wrote Ike C. Sugg of the Competitive Enterprise Institute in an editorial-page column (11/10/93) titled "Losing Houses, Saving Rats." Rowe saved his house from California's October 1993 wildfires, wrote Sugg, "by clearing a fire-break" around his property on land designated as a protected habitat for the Stephens kangaroo rat. Arguing that 29 other homes within the "77,000 acres of private property" designated as a Kangaroo Rat study area could have been saved if their residents had likewise broken the law, Sugg lamented, "most of Mr. Rowe's law-abiding neighbors lost their homes."
IJ°¡·çÁã°¡ »ç´Â °³ÀÎ ¶¥¿¡¼ ³ª¹«¸¦ Àß¶ó³»Áö ¸øÇÒ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÀüÇô ¾ø¾ú´Ù. (´Ù¶÷ÁãÀÇ »çÃÌÀÎ) ÀÌ µ¿¹°Àº ¶¥¹Ø¿¡ »ì±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¾îÂîµÆµç ¹Ì±¹ ȸ°è°¨»ç¿øÀº Áý ÁÖÀεéÀÌ ¶¥À» ÆÍ´Ù¸é ÁýÀÌ ºÒŸÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ»Áö Á¶»çÇß´Ù. °¨»ç¿øÀº ºÒÀÌ ½Ã¼Ó 80¸¶ÀÏÀÇ °Ç³À» Ÿ°í °í¼Óµµ·Î µÎ°÷°ú ¿îÇÏ ÇѰ÷À» ¶Ù¾î³Ñ¾î ¹øÁ®°¬´Ù´Â Á¡À» ÁöÀûÇÏ¸é¼ "ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î º¼ ¶§ Áö¿ª °ü¸®µé°ú ÈÀç Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ÀâÃʸ¦ ¾ø¾Ý´Ù°í ÇØµµ Å« Â÷À̰¡ ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù"°í °á·Ð³Â´Ù. (94³â 7¿ù)
Nothing prevented the cutting of brush on private land in the kangaroo rat's protected habitat, since the animal (a relative of the squirrel) lives underground. Nevertheless, the U.S. General Accounting Office studied whether houses could have been saved
if homeowners had been allowed to plow under their land. "Overall, county officials and other fire experts believe that weed abatement by any means would have made little difference in whether or not a home was destroyed in the California fire," the GAO concluded (7/94), noting that the fire, whipped by 80-mile-per-hour winds, jumped over two highways and a canal.
11. ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀº ¸êÁ¾ µ¿½Ä¹°¹ýÀÇ Áö³ªÄ£ ÁýÇàÀ» ºñ³ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¶Ç Çѹø IJ°¡·çÁ㸦 °ø°ÝÇß´Ù. ³²Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ´ëÇÐ ¹ý°ú ±³¼öÀÎ Ä÷³´Ï½ºÆ® ±âµð¿Â ij³Ê´Â ("¹ýÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢", 95³â 5¿ù24ÀÏÄ¡) ³² ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ Áö¿ª ³óºÎÀÎ Åõ¾Ó ¹Ö¸°ÀÌ 95³â 2¿ù "´Ù¼¸¸¶¸®ÀÇ Áã À§·Î Àï±âÁúÀ» Çß´Ù"´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î üÆ÷µÆ´Ù°í ½è´Ù. ij³Ê´Â "¸°ÀÌ ¿µ¾î¸¦ ¸øÇÑ´Ù"¸ç "¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ°¡ ¸êÁ¾ µ¿½Ä¹°¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¸®´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ º¸³Â´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°¡ ÀÌ ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Ò´ÂÁö´Â Àǹ®ÀÌ´Ù"°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.
11. The Journal launched yet another assault on the tiny kangaroo rat this year, charging overzealous enforcement of the Endangered Species Act. Columnist Gideon Kanner ("The Rule of Law," 5/24/95), a southern California law professor, wrote that Southern California farmer Tuang Ming-Lin was arrested in February 1994 because he had "run over five rats with a plow." "Since Mr. Lin speaks no English," Kanner continued, "there is at best a serious question as to whether he even knew about these regulations, though the Feds insisted that they had sent letters advising of their existence."
¹ý·ü Àü¹®Áö ·¹ÄÚ´õ 95³â 6¿ù14ÀÏÄ¡¸¦ º¸¸é ¸°ÀÌ Ã¼Æ÷µÈ °ÍÀÌ Àï±âÁú ¶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸êÁ¾ À§±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¿¹° 3Á¾ÀÇ ¼½ÄÁö¸¦ ÆÄ±«Ç߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÆÁư IJ°¡·çÁã, »õ³¢ ¿©¿ì, Ç¥¹ü µµ¸¶¹ìÀÌ´Ù. ·¹ÄÚ´õ´Â, ¸°ÀÌ Ã³À½ ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹ÞÀº °ÍÀº 92³â 12¿ùÀ̾ú°í, üÆ÷µÇ±â ÇÑÁÖÀü¿¡´Â ¸î¹øÀ̳ª »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á÷Á¢ °æ°íÀåÀ» ¹è´ÞÇß´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù. ¹è´ÞÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ¼ö·Æ °ü¸®ÀÎÀε¥, ±×´Â ¸°°ú ±×ÀÇ ¾Æµé, ³óÀå ÁÖÀÓ¿¡°Ô ¶¥À» °æÀÛÇÏ·Á¸é Çã°¡¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¸»µµ Çß´Ù. »ç½ÇÀ» À߸ø ¾È °ÍÀº ±×¸¸ µÎ´õ¶óµµ, ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀÌ ¹ýÇÐ ±³¼ö¸¦ µ¿¿øÇØ -- "¹ýÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢"À̶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀÇ Ä÷³À¸·Î -- ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«Áö¸¦ Çΰè·Î ³»¼¼¿î °ÍÀº ¹¦ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
According to The Recorder (6/14/95), a law publication, Lin was arrested not for running over rats, but for destroying the protected habitat of three different endangered species: the Tipton kangaroo rat, the kit fox and the leopard lizard. According to the Recorder, Lin was sent the first letter warning him about the protected species in December 1992; the last of several warnings was conveyed in person, one week before his arrest, by a game warden who told Lin, his son and the farm foreman that they needed a permit to continue to cultivate the land. Besides the factual errors, it's ironic that the Journal would have a law professor--in a column titled "Rule of Law"--argue that ignorance of the law is an excuse.
¿øÀÚź±Þ Çãdz
Atomic Bombast
12. 94³â 8¿ù29ÀÏ ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀº ½º¹Ì¼Ò´Ï¾ð ¹Ú¹°°üÀÌ È÷·Î½Ã¸¶¿Í ³ª°¡»çŰ¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ¶³¾î¶ß¸° ¿øÀÚźÀ» ÁÖÁ¦·Î ÇÑ Àü½Ãȸ¸¦ Á¦¾ÈÇÏÀÚ, Á¦¾È ¹®±¸¸¦ °Å·ÐÇÏ¸ç °ø°ÝÇÏ°í ³ª¼¹´Ù. "¿¡³î¶ó Àü½ÃȸÀÇ ÀÛ°¡°¡ °¡¹Ì°¡Á¦ ºñÇà´ÜÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¸é¼ µå·¯³½ ³¶¸¸ÁÖÀǴ ƯÈ÷ ±âÀÌÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ±ÛÀº ½½Ç °¡¶ôÀ¸·Î `ÀþÀ½, Àλý°ú ÇÔ²² ³ÑÃijª´Â ±×µéÀÇ ¸ö'À̶ó°í Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù."°í ½è´Ù.
12. The Journal (8/29/94) blasted the Smithsonian museum's proposed exhibit on the U.S. bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, citing the draft script: "It is especially curious to note the oozing romanticism with which the Enola show's writers describe the Kamikaze pilots.... These were, the script elegaically relates, 'Youths, their bodies overflowing with life.'"
ÀÌ ¹®±¸´Â Àü½Ãȸ ±âȹÀÚ°¡ ¾´ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Á¦¾È ¹®±¸¿¡ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ³ª¿ÍÀÖµíÀÌ °¡¹Ì°¡Á¦ ºñÇà´ÜÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÁ÷ »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â À¯±âÅ×·ç ¼ö±â¾ß¸¶°¡ ¾´ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½º¹Ì¼Ò´Ï¾È Á¦¾È ¹®±¸´Â "Àü½Ãȸ °ü¶÷Àڵ鿡°Ô °¡¹Ì°¡Á¦ÀÇ ÀÚ»ì ±¤¶õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇØ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃŲ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¸¹Àº ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀº ÀÌ ÀÚ»ì ±¤¶õÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù."°í ¹àÇû´Ù.
The kamikaze quote was not written by the show's curators but--as was clearly spelled out in the script--by Yukiteru Sugiyama, a surviving kamikaze pilot. According to the Smithsonian script, it was "included to give viewer's insight into [the kamikazes'] suicidal fanaticism, which many American's would otherwise find incomprehensible."
13. ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀÇ À̳¯ »ç¼³Àº ÀÌ Àο빮À» ½º¹Ì¼Ò´Ï¾ð Àü½Ãȸ ±âȹÀÚ°¡ ÀϺ»¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÎ "½É¸®Àû °æÇâ"À» ³ªÅ¸³½ Áõ°Å·Î Á¦½ÃÇß´Ù. Àο빮Àº ÀÌ·¸°Ô À̾îÁø´Ù. "´ëºÎºÐ ¹Ì±¹Àο¡°Ô ÀÌ ÀüÀïÀº ... º¹¼öÀüÀ̾ú´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀϺ»Àο¡°Ô´Â ¼±¸ Á¦±¹ÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇØ ÀڽŵéÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ¹®È¸¦ ÁöŰ·Á´Â ÀüÀïÀ̾ú´Ù."
13. As evidence of the supposedly soft-on-Japan "mindset" of the Smithsonian scriptwriters, the Journal editorial (8/29/94) cited this quote: "For most Americans, this war...was a war of vengeance. For most Japanese, it was a war to defend their unique culture against Western imperialism."
´ÙÀ½Àº ÀϺ»¿¡ ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀ̶ó°í´Â ÀüÇô º¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ½º¹Ì¼Ò´Ï¾ðÀÇ Àο빮 Àü¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
Here's the full context of the Smithsonian quote--hardly soft on Japan:
ÀϺ»ÀÇ ÆØÃ¢ÁÖÀǰ¡ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Á¡Àº Àû³ª¶óÇÑ °ø°Ý°ú ±ØµµÀÇ ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀÌ´Ù. 37³â ³Â¡¿¡¼ ÀúÁö¸¥ ¼ö¸¸¸íÀÇ Áß±¹ÀÎ ÇлìÀº Àü¼¼°è¸¦ ³î¶ó°Ô Çß´Ù. ÀϺ» ±º´ëÀÇ ÀÜÇÐ»ó °¡¿îµ¥´Â ¹Î°£Àΰú °Á¦³ëµ¿ µ¿¿øÀÚ, ÀüÀïÆ÷·Î¸¦ Æø·ÂÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëÇÏ°í »ç¶÷À» »ý¹°ÇÐ ½ÇÇè ´ë»óÀ¸·Î »ïÀº °Íµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
Japanese expansionism was marked by naked aggression and extreme brutality. The slaughter of tens of thousands of Chinese in Nanking in 1937 shocked the world. Atrocities by Japanese troops included brutal mistreatment of civilians, forced laborers and prisoners of war, and biological experiments on human victims.
41³â 12¿ù ÀϺ»Àº ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ ÁøÁÖ¸¸ ¹Ì±º ±âÁö¸¦ °ø°ÝÇß°í ÅÂÆò¾çÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬ÇÕ±¹ ¿µÅä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãæ°ÝÀûÀÎ °ø°Ýµµ °³½ÃÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±ØµµÀÇ ºñÂüÇÑ ½Î¿òÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹Ì±¹Àε鿡°Ô ÀÌ ÀüÀïÀº µ¶ÀÏ, ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇØ ¼öÇàÇÑ ÀüÀï°ú´Â ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀϺ»Àε鿡°Ô´Â ÀÌ ÀüÀïÀÌ ¼±¸ Á¦±¹ÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇØ ÀڽŵéÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ¹®È¸¦ ÁöŰ·Á´Â ÀüÀïÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀüÀïÀÌ 45³â ¸·¹ÙÁö¿¡ À̸£ÀÚ, µÎÂÊ ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ÀÌ ½Î¿òÀº ³¡ÀåÀ» º¼ ¶§±îÁö °¡¾ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÆ´Ù.
In December 1941, Japan attacked U.S. bases at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and launched other surprise assaults against Allied territories in the Pacific. Thus began a wider conflict marked by extreme bitterness. For most Americans, this war was fundamentally different than the one waged against Germany and Italy--it was a war of vengeance. For most Japanese, it was a war to defend their unique culture against Western imperialism. As the war approached its end in 1945, it appeared to both sides that it was a fight to the finish.
14. ¿øÀÚÆøÅº »ç¿ëÀ» ¿ËÈ£Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀÇ 94³â 8¿ù29ÀÏ »ç¼³Àº ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °ø°ÝÀ¸·Î "¹Ì±¹ÂÊ Èñ»ýÀÚ°¡ 100¸¸¸í ÀÌ»ó »ý°å´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸ðµç ÃßÁ¤Ä¡ÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡µÈ °ßÇØ´Ù"¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.
14. In defending the use of the atom bomb, the Journal editorial (8/29/94) claimed that a U.S. invasion "would by all estimates have resulted in more than a million American casualties."
"¸ðµç ÃßÁ¤Ä¡"? ¿¬ÇÕÂü¸ðÃÑÀå¿¡ Á¦ÃâÇÑ 45³â 6¿ùÀÇ °ø½Ä º¸°í¼´Â (ºÎ»óÀÚ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ) Àüü ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ Èñ»ýÀÚ¸¦ 13¸¸2500¿¡¼ 22¸¸¸íÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤Çß´Ù. ´õ±Û·¯½º ¸Æ¾Æ´õ À屺Àº 45³â 6¿ù Èñ»ýÀÚ°¡ 11¸¸¸íÀ̶ó´Â ÃßÁ¤Ä¡µµ ³Ê¹« ³ôÀº °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ¿ª»ç°¡µéµµ "100¸¸¸í"À̶ó´Â ¼öÄ¡¿¡ ±ÙÁ¢ÇÑ ¹®¼¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. (¿øÀÚ °úÇÐÀÚ °Ô½ÃÆÇ 86³â 6-7¿ùÄ¡, ¿Ü±³»ç 93³â °Ü¿ïÄ¡)
"By all estimates"? Official reports to the Joint Chiefs of Staff in June of 1945 estimated total U.S. casualties (including injuries) as between 132,500 and 220,000. Gen. Douglas MacArthur argued in June 1945 that an estimate of 110,000 casualties was too high. Historians have been unable to provide documentation for anything close to the "one million" figure (Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 6-7/86; Diplomatic History, Winter/93).
º¸µµ ºñ¹ý
Arcane Reporting
15. 93³â 2¿ù5ÀÏ ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀÇ »ç¼³Àº °¡Á¤³» Æø·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð·ÐÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» ³ôÀ̱â À§ÇÑ `°øÁ¤º¸µµ'(FAIR: À̱ÛÀÌ ½Ç¸° ¿¢½ºÆ®¶ó¸¦ ³»´Â ¾ð·Ðº¸µµ °¨½Ã±â±¸ : ¹ø¿ªÀÚ)ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ» °ø°ÝÇϸé¼, ¼öÆÛº¼ °á½ÂÀüÀÌ ¿¸®´Â ÀÏ¿äÀÏ¿¡ °¡Á¤³» Æø·ÂÀÌ ´Ã¾î³´Ù´Â `°øÁ¤º¸µµ'ÀÇ º¸°í¼¸¦ "³Ê¹« ½±°Ô ¹Ï¾î¹ö¸®´Â ÀϱºÀÇ ±âÀÚµéÀÌ ¸¶Ä¡ ½Å¼ºÇÑ ¹®¼³ª µÇ´Â ¾ç Ãë±ÞÇß´Ù"°í ½è´Ù. »ç¼³Àº À¯µ¶ ±âÀÚ ÇѸíÀ» ĪÂùÇß´Ù. Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ °æ±â¿Í °¡Á¤³» Æø·ÂÀÇ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÑ ±â»ç¸¦ 93³â 1¿ù31ÀÏ¿¡ ¾´ ¿ö½ÌÅÏÆ÷½ºÆ®ÀÇ ÄË ¸µ±ÛÀÌ ±× ±âÀÚ´Ù. ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀÇ »ç¼³Àº "±×ÀÌ´Â ±âÀÚµéÀÌ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¼±È£ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â º¸µµ ºñ¹ýÀ» ½è´Ù. Á¤º¸Á¦°øÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀüÈÇØ »ç½ÇÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù"°í ½è´Ù.
15. In an editorial (2/5/93) attacking efforts to increase media coverage of domestic violence, the Journal claimed that FAIR's report that domestic violence increases on Super Bowl Sunday was "received as sacred writ by an entirely credulous army of journalists." The Journal praised one reporter, the Washington Post's Ken Ringle, who wrote an article dismissing any link between violent sports and domestic violence (Washington Post, 1/31/93): "He pursued an arcane reporting technique that has apparently slipped from favor: Mr. Ringle called up the source of the original story to ask if it were true."
»ç½Ç ±×´Â 1Â÷ Á¤º¸Á¦°øÀÚÀÎ `°øÁ¤º¸µµ'ÀÇ Á߾ӻ繫½Ç¿¡ »ç½ÇÀÎÁö ¹¯Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀüÈ¶óµµ Çß´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Á¤º¸°¡ °¡Á¤Æø·Â Çdzó¿¡¼ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ¿©¼ºÀÇ 1Â÷ º¸°í¿Í "º¸µµ ºñ¹ý'À» ½á¼ ¸Å¸ÂÀº ¿©ÀεéÀ» ÀÎÅͺäÇÑ ±âÀÚµéÀÌ ¾´ ±â»ç¿¡¼ ¾òÀº °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇØÁáÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. `°øÁ¤º¸µµ'¿¡ ¼ÓÀº `³Ê¹« ½±°Ô ¹Ï¾î¹ö¸®´Â ÀϱºÀÇ ±âÀÚ' °¡¿îµ¥ ÇѸíÀ̶ó°í Áö¸ñµÈ ´º¿åŸÀÓ½ºÀÇ ·Î¹öÆ® ¸³»çÀÌÆ®´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î À̺¸´Ù ¸î³âÀüÀÎ 87³â¿¡µµ ¼öÆÛº¼°ú °¡Á¤³» Æø·ÂÀÇ °ü°è¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸µµÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.(NBC ¹ã´º½º, 87³â 1¿ù18ÀÏ)
In fact, Ringle never did call up the source of the story--FAIR's national office--to ask if it were true. If he had, we would have told him that our information about the Super Bowl came from first- hand reports from women who work in domestic violence shelters, and from articles written by journalists who used the "arcane reporting technique" of interviewing battered women. One of the reporters specifically cited as part of the "credulous army" duped by FAIR, Robert Lipsyte of the New York Times, had actually been reporting about the Super Bowl's link to battering as early as 1987 (NBC Nightly News, 1/18/87).
±âÀÚ´Â ÀǽÉÀ» ǰ°í Á¤º¸¿øÀ» È®ÀÎÇØºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¿äÁöÀÇ »ç¼³À» ¾²¸é¼ ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀÇ ³í¼³À§¿øÀº `°øÁ¤º¸µµ'¿¡ ÀüÈÇØ ¿ö½ÌÅÏÆ÷½ºÆ®ÀÇ ±â»ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹°¾îº¸Áöµµ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀüÈÇß´Ù¸é, È«º¸´ëÇà ¾÷ü µµºñ½ºÅ° ¾î¼Ò½Ã¿¡ÀÌÃ÷°¡ `°øÁ¤º¸µµ'ÀÇ È«º¸¸¦ ¸Ã°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿Àº¸¸¸ÅÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ È¸»ç´Â ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³Î »ç¼³ÀÌ °Å·ÐÇϱâ Àü¿¡´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾ËÁöµµ ¸øÇÏ´ø ¾÷ü´Ù. ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀº ÀÌ Á¡À» ºñ·ÔÇØ »ç¼³ÀÇ À߸øÀ» ÁöÀûÇÏ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ½Ç¾î´Þ¶ó´Â `°øÁ¤º¸µµ'ÀÇ ¿äûÀ» °ÅºÎÇß´Ù.
In writing an editorial whose whole point was that journalists should be skeptical and check their sources, the Journal editors didn't bother to check the Post's story out by calling FAIR. If they had, they might not have repeated Ringle's errors, and could have avoided making new errors of their own--like referring to the public relations firm Dobisky Associates as "FAIR's publicists," a firm we'd never heard of until the Journal's editorial appeared. The Journal refused to publish a letter from FAIR pointing out these and other mistakes.
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Economic Nonsense
16. ÀÌ ½Å¹®ÀÇ ³í¼³À§¿ø ·Î¹öÆ® ¹öƲ¸®ÀÇ Ã¥, `±â¸§Áø 7³â'À̶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀº ·¹ÀÌ°Ç Áý±Ç ½Ã±â°¡ Ä«ÅÍ Áý±Ç ½Ã±â¿Í ºñ±³ÇØ ¿ùµîÇÏ°Ô ¹ø¿µÇß´Ù´Â »ý°¢¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹öƲ¸®´Â 80³â´ë °æ±âħü±âÀÇ ¹Ù´ÚÀÎ 82³â°ú ȸº¹±âÀÇ ÃÖ°íÁöÁ¡À̾ú´ø 89³âÀ» ºñ±³Çؼ "·¹ÀÌ°Ç ½Ã´ë"ÀÇ ¼ºÀå·üÀÌ 3.8%¶ó°í °è»êÇß°í "Ä«ÅÍ ½Ã´ë"´Â ¼ºÀåÀÇ ÃÖ°íÁöÁ¡À̾ú´ø 73³â°ú ¹Ù´ÚÀÎ 82³âÀ» ºñ±³ÇØ 1.6%¶ó°í °è»êÇß´Ù.
16. Journal editor Robert Bartley's book, The Seven Fat Years gets its title from the idea that the Reagan years were a time of great prosperity compared to the Carter years. Bartley derives this by measuring from the trough of the early '80s recession in 1982 to the peak of the recovery in 1989--finding a growth rate of 3.8 percent for the "Reagan years"--while measuring the "Carter years" from the 1973 growth peak to the 1982 trough (1.6 percent).
ÀÌ·± Á¤Á÷ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ºñ±³´Â Ä«ÅÍ Áý±Ç½Ã±â¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁöµµ ¾ÊÀº µÎ¹øÀÇ Ä§Ã¼±â¸¦ Ä«ÅÍ Å¿À¸·Î µ¹¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ·¹À̰ǿ¡°Ô´Â ħü±â¸¦ ¶°³Ñ±âÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Ä«ÅÍ Áý±Ç ½Ã±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼µµ ¶È°°Àº ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î 75³â°ú 80³âÀ» ºñ±³ÇÏ¸é °æÁ¦¼ºÀå·üÀº 3.5%°¡ µÈ´Ù. Á¤Á÷ÇÑ °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚ¶ó¸é ºñ±³ÇÒ ¶§´Â ºñ½ÁÇÑ Áֱ⸦ ºñ±³ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °æ±â°¡ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾Ò´ø 73³â°ú 79³âÀ» ºñ±³ÇÏ¸é ¼ºÀå·üÀº 2.8%°¡ µÇ°í, ¿ª½Ã °¡Àå ÁÁ¾Ò´ø 79³â°ú 89³âÀ» ºñ±³Çϸé 2.5%°¡ ³ª¿Â´Ù. "±â¸§Áø 7³â"Àº °íÀÛ ÀÌÁ¤µµ´Ù.
This fundamentally dishonest comparison assigns two recessions-- neither of which occurred during his presidency--to Carter, while counting no recessions for Reagan. You could find a 3.5 percent growth rate for Carter by playing a similar game and counting from 1975 to 1980. An honest economist will tell you that you have to compare similar phases of the business cycle: From the 1973 peak to the 1979 peak, there was a growth
rate of 2.8 percent; from the 1979 peak to the 1989 peak, there was a growth rate of 2.5 percent. So much for the "seven fat years."
17. ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³ÎÀº 81³â 6¿ù29ÀÏ ±ÝÀ¶»ê¾÷ ±ÔÁ¦¿Ïȸ¦ ĪÂùÇÏ¸é¼ "ÀÌ ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÇ ¸ÚÀº ½ÃÀå¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°í ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ÁÖ¸Ó´Ï¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼ ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µéÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù"°í ½è´Ù.
17. The Journal praised the 1981 deregulation of the Savings & Loan industry (6/29/81), saying, "The beauty of these solutions is that they are cheap because they depend on the market and not on the federal till."
¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ÁÖ¸Ó´Ï´Â ÀÌ "ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µéÁö ¾ÊÀº" ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀ» °¨´çÇÏ´À¶ó°í 1500¾ï´Þ·¯³ª ½è´Ù.
The federal till has so far paid more than $150 billion to cover the costs of this "cheap" solution.
18. ³í¼³À§¿ø ·Î¹öÆ® ¹öƲ¸®´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡ "´õ ÀÌ»ó °¡³¹ðÀÌ´Â ¾ø°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀºµÐÀÚ°°Àº À̵éÀÌ Á¶±Ý ÀÖ´Ù"°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.(¿ö½ÌÅÏÆ÷½ºÆ® 82³â 7¿ù11ÀÏÄ¡)
18. Editor Robert Bartley has stated that in the U.S., "there aren't any poor people, just a few hermits or something like that." (Washington Post, 7/11/82)
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The Limbaugh Connection
19. ¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ® Àú³Î¿¡ »ç¼³À» ¾²´Â Á¸ ÆÝµå´Â ·¯½Ã ¸²¹öÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° Ã¥ `´ç¿¬È÷ ±×·¡¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä'À» ´ëÇÊÇß´Ù.
19. Wall Street Journal editorial writer John Fund was the ghostwriter of Rush Limbaugh's first book, The Way Things Ought to Be.
`°øÁ¤º¸µµ'ÀÇ Ã¥ `ÀüÇô ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀº ¹æ½Ä'¿¡ Àß ³ªÅ¸³ªµíÀÌ, ÀÌ Ã¥Àº °ÅÄ¥´Ù ½ÍÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ¾ûÅ͸®´Ù.
The book is wildly inaccurate, as demonstrated in FAIR's book, The Way Things Aren't.
20. °øÈ´ç Àü·«°¡ Àª¸®¾ö Å©¸®½ºÅçÀº ·¯½¬ ¸²¹ö¸¦ "¿ù½ºÆ®¸®Æ®Àú³Î »ç¼³¸éÀÇ °ÅÀÇ ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ¹æ¼ÛÆÇ'À̶ó°í ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù.
20. Republican strategist William Kristol referred to Rush Limbaugh as "almost a Wall Street Journal editorial page of the airwaves."