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Akashi-kaikyo Bridge Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge

¾ÆÄ«½Ã ´ë±³´Â mainlandÀÇ Kobe¿Í Awaji IslandÀÇ Awaji¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ±³·®À¸·Î Áß¾ÓÀÇ spanÀº 1990mÀ̰í, 3°æ°£ ¿¬¼ÓÀÇ ÃѱæÀÌ´Â 3910m¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ Çö¼ö±³ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ±³·®ÀÌ ¿Ï°øµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, Áß¾Ó °æ°£ 1410mÀÇ the Humber Bridge(in the U.K)¸¦ ´É°¡ÇÏ´Â ¼¼°è ÃÖÀåÀÇ ±³·®ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ ±³·®Àº ¼ø°£ ÃÖ´ëdz¼Ó 80m/sec(¼³°èdz¼Ó 60m/sec)ÀÇ Ç³ÇÏÁß ¹× ¸®È÷ÅÍ ±Ô¸ð(Richter scale) 8.5ÀÇ ÁöÁöÇÏÁßÀ» °ßµô ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æÇ³ ¹× ³»Áø¼³°è·Î °Ç¼³µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ±³·®Àº 1998³â¿¡ ¿Ï°øµÇ¾ú´Ù.




1. ANCHORAGES
¾ÆÄ«½Ã ´ë±³ÀÇ anchorages¸¦ Á¼Àº ÇØÇù¿¡ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© °£Ã´ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇßÀ¸¸ç °íº£ ¹æÇâ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 1A anchorage ´Â ÁöÇÏ slurry wall method·Î ½Ã°øÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
anchorageÀÇ ÁöÁö Áö¹ÝÀº ¿øÇü¸ð¾çÀÇ ±âÃʰ¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ±× ±âÃÊÀÇ Å©±â´À Á÷°æÀÌ 85m, ±íÀÌ(³ôÀÌ)°¡ 63.5m¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ°í ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« anchorage foundationÀÌ´Ù.
4A anchorage´Â spread foundation method¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ retaining wallÀÌ ½Ã°øµÇ¾ú´Ù.
anchoragesÀÇ main bodies´Â cableÀÇ ÀÎÀå·ÂÀ» ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ¸Å¿ì ÀÛ¾÷¼ºÀÌ ³ôÀº ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®(highly workable concrete)·Î ¸¸µé¾î Á³´Ù.
ÀÌ ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®´Â ¸Å¿ì À¯µ¿¼ºÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¸ç ³ôÀº Á¶¹Ð¼ºÀ» ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ´ÜÁö ÀÌ ±³·®À» À§ÇÏ¿© °³¹ßµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ½Ã°ø½Ã°£À» ´ÜÃà½Ã۸ç ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ È¿À²À» ³õÀ̱â À§ÇÔÀ̾ú´Ù.
the 1A anchorageÀÇ main bodyÀÇ ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ® ºÎÇÇ´Â 140,000m3 ¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ°í ±× ¹«°Ô´Â 350,000 tons¿¡ À̸¥´Ù.


1A, 4A
  • Type of Foundation Reinforced double slurry wall Spread foundation
  • Foundation RCC 232,600 §©
  • Body Concrete 140,000 §©(approx. 350,000 tons)~150,000 §©(approx. 370,000 tons)



2. CABLE
±æÀÌ : 300,000 KM
¾ÆÄ«½Ã ´ë±³ÀÇ °¢ cableÀº 290 strands·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ°í °¢ strand´Â ¾Æ¿¬µµ±ÝµÈ Á÷°æ 5.23mmÀÇ °íÀå·Â °­¼± 127°¡´ÚÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù.
°¢ strands´Â À°°¢ÇüÀÇ Çü»óÀ¸·Î »çÀü¿¡ °øÀå Á¦À۵ǾúÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â [PS] °ø¹ý¿¡¼­ ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ±³·®À» °¡¼³Çϸ鼭 °¡Àå Å« ±â¼úÀû ¹ßÀü Áß Çϳª´Â °­¼±ÀÇ ±äÀå·Â¿¡¼­ Çâ»óÀ» °¡Á®¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ±³·®ÀÇ °¡¼³ÀüÀÇ °­¼±ÀÇ ±äÀå·ÂÀº 160 kgf/§± Á¤µµ À̾úÀ¸³ª AKB¿¡¼­ °³¹ßµÈ »õ·Î¿î °­¼±ÀÇ ±äÀå·ÂÀº 180 kgf/§± ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±äÀå·ÂÀÇ ÀÛÀº Çâ»óÀÌ ±³·®ÀÇ °¢ side¿¡ µÎ °³ÀÇ cableÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ÇϳªÀÇ cableÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÚÁßÀ» ÁÙÀÌ°í ½Ã°øÀ» ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °á°ú¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù.
ÀÌ ±³·®¿¡ ¾²ÀÎ °­¼±ÀÇ ÃÑ ±æÀÌ´Â 300,000 kilometerÀ̸ç ÀÌ´Â Áö±¸ µÑ·¹ÀÇ 7.5¹è¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ±æÀÌÀÌ´Ù.

Cable Specifications
  • Construction method PS (Prefabricated Strand) method
  • Sag 1/10
  • Maximum tensile strength per cable approx. 62,500 tons
  • Maximum tensile strength per hanger rope approx. 560 tons
  • Material high strength galvanized steel wire
  • Tensile strength per wire 180 kg/§±
  • Cable diameter 1,122 mm(not inclusive of wrapping)
  • Composition 5.23 mm dia * 127 wires/strand *290 strands/ cable * 2 cables
  • Total number of wires 36,830/cable * 2 cables
  • Strand length 4,071m - 4,074m
  • Total wire length approx. 4.07 km * 127*290*2=300,000 km
  • Weight of steel main cable 50,500 tons
  • hanger ropes, saddle. etc. 7,200 tons
  • total 57,700 tons


°­¼±ÀÇ Ãʱ⠼³Ä¡¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© pilot rope¸¦ °ÉÃÆÀ¸¸ç ÇØ»ó ±³ÅëÀÇ ¹æÇظ¦ ¾ø¾Ö±â À§ÇÏ¿© Ç︮ÄßÅ͸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´Ù. »ç¿ëµÈ pilot rope´Â °¡º±°í, °íÀå·ÂÀÇ poly-aramid ¼¶À¯ÁúÀÇ Á÷°æ 10 mm ÀÇ rope¿´À¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â °¢ span¿¡¼­ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.



3. MAIN TOWERS
³ôÀÌ : 300m
¾ÆÄ«½Ã ´ë±³ÀÇ ÁÖžÀÇ saddlesÀº 100,00ton¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ±³·®ÀÇ Áß·®À» cables¿¡¼­ ±âÃÊ·Î Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÁÖžÀº ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î 30°³ÀÇ ÃþÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÇ¾îÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¢ Ãþ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¼öÁ÷À¸·Î´Â 3°³ÀÇ ºí·ÏÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁ® ÀÖ°í ±× Áß·®Àº 160ton¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ´Ù.
300mÀÇ ÁÖžÀº, µµÄ쟿ö¿Í ±× ³ôÀ̸¦ °ßÁÙ¼ö Àִµ¥ À̵éÀÇ ³î¶ó¿î ³ôÀÌ´Â ¹Ù¶÷ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾ß±â½ÃÄ×´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» °ßµð±â À§ÇÏ¿© ÁÖžÀº ´Ü¸éÀ» ½ÊÀÚÇüÀ¸·Î ¼³°èÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç [TMD]-(turned mass dampers)¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¾ÈÁ¤ÀåÄ¡(Stabilizers)¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.


Tower Specifications
  • Tower Specifications Theoretical height of cable +297.3 m
  • Tower Height 282.8 m
  • Tower Width 46.5 m - 35.4 m
  • Maximum Weight Supported approx. 50,000 tons/tower
  • Material SM570
  • Weight 23,000 tons/tower

¾ÈÁ¤ÀåÄ¡ (Stabilizers)
°¢ ÁÖžÀº dzÇÏÁß¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿©·¯°¡Áö Áøµ¿(deflective & torsional vibration)À» ¿ÏÈ­½ÃŰ´Â ÀåÄ¡¸¦ °¡Áö°í Àִµ¥ ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡µéÀº °¢°¢ÀÇ Áß·®ÀÌ ¾à 10ton Á¤µµÀ̸ç 20°³ÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀåÄ¡°¡ ÁÖžÀÇ 17Ãþ, 18Ãþ, 21Ãþ¿¡ ºÐÆ÷µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.




4. STIFFENING TRUSS
Áß·® : 90,000 TONS
¾ÆÄ«½Ã ´ë±³ÀÇ »óºÎ Æ®·¯½º¸¦ °Ç¼³Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¾à 90,000tonÀÇ °­Àç°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀÌ ±³·®ÀÇ ¾öû³­ Å©±â ¶§¹®Àε¥, ÀÌ º¸°­ Æ®·¯½º(Stiffening Truss)´Â ÇöÀç Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² ±³·®º¸´Ù ´õ ưưÇÏ°Ô Ç³ÇÏÁßÀ» ÁöÅÊÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.
Æ®·¯½ºÀÇ °Å´õ¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇϱâ À§ÇØ °í°­µµÁö¸¸ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î °¡º­¿î °­Àç°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ´Â º¸´Ù °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ º¸°­ Æ®·¯½º´Â Plane Block Method·Î °¡¼³ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, °í°ø Å©·¹ÀÎÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÁÖž¿¡¼­ 6 panel blocks, Anchorages¿¡¼­ 8 panel blocks·Î °¡¼³ÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. Æ®·¯½ºÀÇ °¢ ºÎÀçµéÀº °¢°¢ÀÇ panel Çü»óÀ¸·Î °øÀå¿¡¼­ °¡Á¶¸³µÇ¾î ÇöÀåÀ¸·Î À̵¿µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ À̵éÀ» Á¡Â÷ Áö°£ÀÇ Áß¾Ó¹æÇâÀ¸·Î Á¶¸³ÇÏ¿©Á³´Ù.


Wind-proof measures for stiffening girders
dzÇÏÁß¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ º¸°­ Æ®·¯½ºÀÇ ºñƲ¸² Áøµ¿À» °¨¼Ò½Ã۱â À§ÇÏ¿© ¾ÈÁ¤ÆÇÀÌ »óÆÇ Á߾Ӻο¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÈÁ¤ÆÇÀº dzÇÏÁß¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºñƲ¸² Áøµ¿À» °¨¼Ò½Ã۵µ·Ï À¯µµÇϸç ÀÌ·Î½á ±³·®ÀÌ »ó,ÇÏÃøÀ¸·Î Áøµ¿ÇÒ ¶§ ±ÕÇüÀ» È®º¸ÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÈÁ¤ÆÇÀÇ È¿°ú´Â ´ë±Ô¸ð dzµ¿½ÃÇè¿¡¼­ ÀÔÁõµÇ¾ú´Ù.


Stiffening Girder Specifications
  • Flexibility vertical displacement(upward) approx. 8 m
  • vertical displacement(downward) approx. 5 m
  • horizontally approx. 27 m
  • Amount of expansion and contraction approx. +/- 145 cm
  • Wind Resistance design wind speed 60 m/s
  • flutter velocity 78 m/s
  • Materials SS400 - HT780
  • Weight of steel main structure 74,400 tons
  • maintenance road etc. 14,900 tons
  • total 89,300 tons



5. Road Specification
  • Road Specifications (Akashi Kaikyo Bridge)
  • Road Name National Highway #28
  • Classification 1st grade, 2nd class
  • Number of Lanes 6
  • Design Speed 100 km/h
Physical Conditions, Design Specifications

- Physical Conditions
  • Conditions width of strait approx. 4 km
  • deepest construction site approx. 110 m
  • maximum current speed approx. 9 knots(4.5m/s)
  • design wind speed 46 m/s
  • Design
- Specifications
(outline) type of bridge suspension bridge
  • format 3 span, 2 hinged stiffening truss system
  • length 3,911m
  • section lengths 960 m + 1,991 m + 960 m
  • design wind speeds: stiffening girder 60 m/s
  • tower 67 m/s
  • aseismic design standard: Aseismic Design Standard for Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
  • height of road surface at center span approx. 97m
  • clearance N.H.H.W.L 65m
  • Quantity of
- Steel in
  • Superstructure towers 46,200 tons
  • cables 57,700 tons
  • stiffening trusses 89,300 tons
  • total 193,200 tons



6. Water Depth
¼ö½É : 60 m
ÁÖžÀÇ ±âÃÊ´Â 120,000ton¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ±³·®ÀÇ Áß·®À» ÁÖžÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁöÁöÁö¹ÝÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ÁöÁöÁö¹ÝÀº ¼ö½É 60mÀ̰í Grab Bucket DredgerÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ±¼ÂøµÇ¾ú´Ù.
Remote Operated Vehicle System°ú °°Àº ¿©·¯ °¡Áö °íµµÀÇ Àåºñ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ±³·®À» Á÷¼±À¸·Î °¡¼³ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ±íÀº ¼ö½ÉÀ̳ª Á¼Àº ÇØÇùÀÇ °­ÇÑ À¯¼Ó ¹× ±¼Âø½Ã ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Grab BucketÀÇ Áøµ¿À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÆÄµ¿ µîÀÇ ¾î·Á¿î Á¶°ÇµéÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÏ¿´´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ijÀ̽¼(caisson)ÀÇ ¼³Ä¡¸¦ À§ÇØ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ±¼Âø¸éÀÇ ¼öÁ÷¹æÇâ º¯È­¿ÀÂ÷¸¦ +/-10cm À̳»·Î ±¼ÂøÀ» ¿Ï·áÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ijÀ̽¼Àº "setting down method"¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¹Ì¸® °øÀå¿¡¼­ Á¦À۵ǾúÀ¸¸ç À̸¦ ¼±¹Ú¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹åÁÙ·Î ¿¹ÀÎÇÑ ´ÙÀ½, ¼³Ä¡À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ ¹°À» ä¿ö °¡¶ó¾ÉÈ÷°í ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®¸¦ ä¿ì´Â Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ Ä³À̽¼Àº ¿øÇüÀÇ Çü»óÀ¸·Î Á¦ÀÛÇÏ¿© ¹æÇ⼺ÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç À̷νá Á¼Àº ÇØÇùÀÇ °­ÇÑ À¯¼Ó¿¡¼­ º¸´Ù ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ̸ç Á¶Á¤Çϱ⠿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Ä³À̽¼ ±âÃʸ¦ À§ÇÏ¿© "underwater nondisintegration concrete"¶ó´Â »õ·Î¿î ¼öÁß ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Main Tower Foundation Specifications
2P (3P)
  • Construction method Installed caisson
  • Support Ground Akashi stratum(Kobe stratum)
  • Caisson Dimensions 80m dia. * 70m(78m dia. * 67m)
  • Quantity of materials Steel 15,800(15,200) tons
  • Concrete 355,000(322,000) §©




7. HISTORY
  • 1955 4 JNR commenced study of 'Honshi Awaji line' (A route).
  • 1959 4 Ministry of Construction commenced highway study.
  • 1969 5 New Comprehensive National Development Plan approved. (Three routes authorized)
  • 1970 7 Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority founded.
  • 1973 10 Ministry of Construction and Transportation approved construction plans for three routes.
  • 1975 8 Gov't. decided to construct one route (Seto Ohashi Bridge) and bridges useful for regional development.
  • 1985 12 Gov't. decided to construct Akashi Kaikyo Bridge.
  • 1986 4 Ground-breaking ceremony of Akashi Kaikyo Bridge.
  • 1986 7 Geological survey of construction site commenced.
  • 1987 4 Construction survey for tower foundation (experimental excavation, etc.) commenced.
  • 1988 5 On-site construction commenced.
  • 1989 3 2P steel caisson installed.
  • 1989 6 3P steel caisson installed.
  • 1990 1 4A foundation work commenced.
  • 1990 3 1A foundation work commenced.
  • 1992 4 Erection work for 2P tower commenced.
  • 1992 6 Erection work for 3P tower commenced.
  • 1992 9 1A foundation work completed.
  • 1992 12 4A foundation work completed.
  • 1993 1 Erection work for 2P tower completed.
  • 1993 4 Erection work for 3P tower completed.
  • 1993 11 Pilot ropes crossed over each span by helicopter.
  • 1994 6 Erection work for strands commenced.
  • 1994 11 Erection work for strands finished.
  • 1995 6 Erection work for stiffening girders commenced.
  • 1996 9 All stiffening girders linked.
  • 1997 10 Pavement of deck commenced.
  • 1998 4 Opened to traffic.



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