Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge
¾ÆÄ«½Ã ´ë±³´Â mainlandÀÇ Kobe¿Í Awaji IslandÀÇ Awaji¸¦
¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ±³·®À¸·Î Áß¾ÓÀÇ spanÀº 1990mÀ̰í,
3°æ°£ ¿¬¼ÓÀÇ ÃѱæÀÌ´Â 3910m¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ Çö¼ö±³ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ±³·®ÀÌ ¿Ï°øµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, Áß¾Ó °æ°£ 1410mÀÇ the Humber Bridge(in the U.K)¸¦
´É°¡ÇÏ´Â ¼¼°è ÃÖÀåÀÇ ±³·®ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ ±³·®Àº ¼ø°£ ÃÖ´ëdz¼Ó 80m/sec(¼³°èdz¼Ó 60m/sec)ÀÇ Ç³ÇÏÁß ¹×
¸®È÷ÅÍ ±Ô¸ð(Richter scale) 8.5ÀÇ ÁöÁöÇÏÁßÀ» °ßµô ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æÇ³ ¹× ³»Áø¼³°è·Î °Ç¼³µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ ±³·®Àº 1998³â¿¡ ¿Ï°øµÇ¾ú´Ù.
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1. ANCHORAGES
¾ÆÄ«½Ã ´ë±³ÀÇ anchorages¸¦ Á¼Àº ÇØÇù¿¡ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©
°£Ã´ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇßÀ¸¸ç °íº£ ¹æÇâ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 1A anchorage ´Â
ÁöÇÏ slurry wall method·Î ½Ã°øÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
anchorageÀÇ ÁöÁö Áö¹ÝÀº ¿øÇü¸ð¾çÀÇ ±âÃʰ¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç
±× ±âÃÊÀÇ Å©±â´À Á÷°æÀÌ 85m, ±íÀÌ(³ôÀÌ)°¡ 63.5m¿¡ ´ÞÇϰí
¼¼°è¿¡¼ °¡Àå Å« anchorage foundationÀÌ´Ù.
4A anchorage´Â spread foundation method¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ
retaining wallÀÌ ½Ã°øµÇ¾ú´Ù.
anchoragesÀÇ main bodies´Â cableÀÇ ÀÎÀå·ÂÀ» ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î,
¸Å¿ì ÀÛ¾÷¼ºÀÌ ³ôÀº ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®(highly workable concrete)·Î ¸¸µé¾î Á³´Ù.
ÀÌ ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®´Â ¸Å¿ì À¯µ¿¼ºÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¸ç ³ôÀº Á¶¹Ð¼ºÀ» ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í
´ÜÁö ÀÌ ±³·®À» À§ÇÏ¿© °³¹ßµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
ÀÌ´Â ÇöÀå¿¡¼ ½Ã°ø½Ã°£À» ´ÜÃà½Ã۸ç ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ È¿À²À» ³õÀ̱â À§ÇÔÀ̾ú´Ù.
the 1A anchorageÀÇ main bodyÀÇ ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ® ºÎÇÇ´Â 140,000m3 ¿¡ ´ÞÇϰí
±× ¹«°Ô´Â 350,000 tons¿¡ À̸¥´Ù.
1A, 4A
- Type of Foundation Reinforced double slurry wall Spread foundation
- Foundation RCC 232,600 §©
- Body Concrete 140,000 §©(approx. 350,000 tons)~150,000 §©(approx. 370,000 tons)
2. CABLE
±æÀÌ : 300,000 KM
¾ÆÄ«½Ã ´ë±³ÀÇ °¢ cableÀº 290 strands·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ°í
°¢ strand´Â ¾Æ¿¬µµ±ÝµÈ Á÷°æ 5.23mmÀÇ °íÀå·Â °¼± 127°¡´ÚÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù.
°¢ strands´Â À°°¢ÇüÀÇ Çü»óÀ¸·Î »çÀü¿¡ °øÀå Á¦À۵ǾúÀ¸¸ç
ÀÌ´Â [PS] °ø¹ý¿¡¼ ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ±³·®À» °¡¼³ÇÏ¸é¼ °¡Àå Å« ±â¼úÀû ¹ßÀü Áß Çϳª´Â
°¼±ÀÇ ±äÀå·Â¿¡¼ Çâ»óÀ» °¡Á®¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ±³·®ÀÇ °¡¼³ÀüÀÇ °¼±ÀÇ ±äÀå·ÂÀº 160 kgf/§± Á¤µµ À̾úÀ¸³ª
AKB¿¡¼ °³¹ßµÈ »õ·Î¿î °¼±ÀÇ ±äÀå·ÂÀº 180 kgf/§± ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±äÀå·ÂÀÇ ÀÛÀº Çâ»óÀÌ ±³·®ÀÇ °¢ side¿¡
µÎ °³ÀÇ cableÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ÇϳªÀÇ cableÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç,
ÀÚÁßÀ» ÁÙÀÌ°í ½Ã°øÀ» ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °á°ú¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù.
ÀÌ ±³·®¿¡ ¾²ÀÎ °¼±ÀÇ ÃÑ ±æÀÌ´Â 300,000 kilometerÀ̸ç
ÀÌ´Â Áö±¸ µÑ·¹ÀÇ 7.5¹è¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ±æÀÌÀÌ´Ù.
Cable Specifications
- Construction method PS (Prefabricated Strand) method
- Sag 1/10
- Maximum tensile strength per cable approx. 62,500 tons
- Maximum tensile strength per hanger rope approx. 560 tons
- Material high strength galvanized steel wire
- Tensile strength per wire 180 kg/§±
- Cable diameter 1,122 mm(not inclusive of wrapping)
- Composition 5.23 mm dia * 127 wires/strand *290 strands/ cable * 2 cables
- Total number of wires 36,830/cable * 2 cables
- Strand length 4,071m - 4,074m
- Total wire length approx. 4.07 km * 127*290*2=300,000 km
- Weight of steel main cable 50,500 tons
- hanger ropes, saddle. etc. 7,200 tons
- total 57,700 tons
°¼±ÀÇ Ãʱ⠼³Ä¡¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© pilot rope¸¦ °ÉÃÆÀ¸¸ç
ÇØ»ó ±³ÅëÀÇ ¹æÇظ¦ ¾ø¾Ö±â À§ÇÏ¿© Ç︮ÄßÅ͸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
»ç¿ëµÈ pilot rope´Â °¡º±°í, °íÀå·ÂÀÇ poly-aramid ¼¶À¯ÁúÀÇ
Á÷°æ 10 mm ÀÇ rope¿´À¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â °¢ span¿¡¼ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
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3. MAIN TOWERS
³ôÀÌ : 300m
¾ÆÄ«½Ã ´ë±³ÀÇ ÁÖžÀÇ saddlesÀº 100,00ton¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â
±³·®ÀÇ Áß·®À» cables¿¡¼ ±âÃÊ·Î Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ ÁÖžÀº ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î 30°³ÀÇ ÃþÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÇ¾îÀÖÀ¸¸ç
°¢ Ãþ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¼öÁ÷À¸·Î´Â 3°³ÀÇ ºí·ÏÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁ® ÀÖ°í
±× Áß·®Àº 160ton¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ´Ù.
300mÀÇ ÁÖžÀº, µµÄ쟿ö¿Í ±× ³ôÀ̸¦ °ßÁÙ¼ö Àִµ¥
À̵éÀÇ ³î¶ó¿î ³ôÀÌ´Â ¹Ù¶÷ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾ß±â½ÃÄ×´Ù.
µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» °ßµð±â À§ÇÏ¿©
ÁÖžÀº ´Ü¸éÀ» ½ÊÀÚÇüÀ¸·Î ¼³°èÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç
[TMD]-(turned mass dampers)¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¾ÈÁ¤ÀåÄ¡(Stabilizers)¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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Tower Specifications
- Tower Specifications Theoretical height of cable +297.3 m
- Tower Height 282.8 m
- Tower Width 46.5 m - 35.4 m
- Maximum Weight Supported approx. 50,000 tons/tower
- Material SM570
- Weight 23,000 tons/tower
¾ÈÁ¤ÀåÄ¡ (Stabilizers)
°¢ ÁÖžÀº dzÇÏÁß¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿©·¯°¡Áö Áøµ¿(deflective & torsional vibration)À»
¿ÏȽÃŰ´Â ÀåÄ¡¸¦ °¡Áö°í Àִµ¥ ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡µéÀº
°¢°¢ÀÇ Áß·®ÀÌ ¾à 10ton Á¤µµÀ̸ç 20°³ÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀåÄ¡°¡
ÁÖžÀÇ 17Ãþ, 18Ãþ, 21Ãþ¿¡ ºÐÆ÷µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
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4. STIFFENING TRUSS
Áß·® : 90,000 TONS
¾ÆÄ«½Ã ´ë±³ÀÇ »óºÎ Æ®·¯½º¸¦ °Ç¼³Çϱâ À§ÇØ
¾à 90,000tonÀÇ °Àç°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.
À̰ÍÀº ÀÌ ±³·®ÀÇ ¾öû³ Å©±â ¶§¹®Àε¥,
ÀÌ º¸° Æ®·¯½º(Stiffening Truss)´Â ÇöÀç Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² ±³·®º¸´Ù ´õ ưưÇϰÔ
dzÇÏÁßÀ» ÁöÅÊÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.
Æ®·¯½ºÀÇ °Å´õ¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇϱâ À§ÇØ °í°µµÁö¸¸ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î °¡º¿î
°Àç°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ´Â º¸´Ù °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ º¸° Æ®·¯½º´Â Plane Block Method·Î °¡¼³ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
°í°ø Å©·¹ÀÎÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÁÖž¿¡¼ 6 panel blocks,
Anchorages¿¡¼ 8 panel blocks·Î °¡¼³ÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù.
Æ®·¯½ºÀÇ °¢ ºÎÀçµéÀº °¢°¢ÀÇ panel Çü»óÀ¸·Î
°øÀå¿¡¼ °¡Á¶¸³µÇ¾î ÇöÀåÀ¸·Î À̵¿µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÇöÀå¿¡¼ À̵éÀ»
Á¡Â÷ Áö°£ÀÇ Áß¾Ó¹æÇâÀ¸·Î Á¶¸³ÇÏ¿©Á³´Ù.
Wind-proof measures for stiffening girders
dzÇÏÁß¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ º¸° Æ®·¯½ºÀÇ ºñƲ¸² Áøµ¿À» °¨¼Ò½Ã۱â À§ÇÏ¿©
¾ÈÁ¤ÆÇÀÌ »óÆÇ Á߾Ӻο¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ ¾ÈÁ¤ÆÇÀº dzÇÏÁß¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºñƲ¸² Áøµ¿À» °¨¼Ò½Ã۵µ·Ï À¯µµÇϸç
ÀÌ·Î½á ±³·®ÀÌ »ó,ÇÏÃøÀ¸·Î Áøµ¿ÇÒ ¶§ ±ÕÇüÀ» È®º¸ÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¾ÈÁ¤ÆÇÀÇ È¿°ú´Â ´ë±Ô¸ð dzµ¿½ÃÇè¿¡¼ ÀÔÁõµÇ¾ú´Ù.
Stiffening Girder Specifications
- Flexibility vertical displacement(upward) approx. 8 m
- vertical displacement(downward) approx. 5 m
- horizontally approx. 27 m
- Amount of expansion and contraction approx. +/- 145 cm
- Wind Resistance design wind speed 60 m/s
- flutter velocity 78 m/s
- Materials SS400 - HT780
- Weight of steel main structure 74,400 tons
- maintenance road etc. 14,900 tons
- total 89,300 tons
5. Road Specification
- Road Specifications (Akashi Kaikyo Bridge)
- Road Name National Highway #28
- Classification 1st grade, 2nd class
- Number of Lanes 6
- Design Speed 100 km/h
Physical Conditions, Design Specifications
- Physical Conditions
- Conditions width of strait approx. 4 km
- deepest construction site approx. 110 m
- maximum current speed approx. 9 knots(4.5m/s)
- design wind speed 46 m/s
- Design
- Specifications
(outline) type of bridge suspension bridge
- format 3 span, 2 hinged stiffening truss system
- length 3,911m
- section lengths 960 m + 1,991 m + 960 m
- design wind speeds: stiffening girder 60 m/s
- tower 67 m/s
- aseismic design standard: Aseismic Design Standard for Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
- height of road surface at center span approx. 97m
- clearance N.H.H.W.L 65m
- Quantity of
- Steel in
- Superstructure towers 46,200 tons
- cables 57,700 tons
- stiffening trusses 89,300 tons
- total 193,200 tons
6. Water Depth
¼ö½É : 60 m
ÁÖžÀÇ ±âÃÊ´Â 120,000ton¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ±³·®ÀÇ Áß·®À»
ÁÖžÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁöÁöÁö¹ÝÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù.
ÁöÁöÁö¹ÝÀº ¼ö½É 60mÀ̰í Grab Bucket DredgerÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ±¼ÂøµÇ¾ú´Ù.
Remote Operated Vehicle System°ú °°Àº
¿©·¯ °¡Áö °íµµÀÇ Àåºñ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ±³·®À» Á÷¼±À¸·Î °¡¼³ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó
¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ±íÀº ¼ö½ÉÀ̳ª Á¼Àº ÇØÇùÀÇ °ÇÑ À¯¼Ó ¹×
±¼Âø½Ã ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Grab BucketÀÇ Áøµ¿À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÆÄµ¿ µîÀÇ
¾î·Á¿î Á¶°ÇµéÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
°á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ijÀ̽¼(caisson)ÀÇ ¼³Ä¡¸¦ À§ÇØ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â
±¼Âø¸éÀÇ ¼öÁ÷¹æÇâ º¯È¿ÀÂ÷¸¦ +/-10cm À̳»·Î ±¼ÂøÀ» ¿Ï·áÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ijÀ̽¼Àº "setting down method"¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼³Ä¡Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©
¹Ì¸® °øÀå¿¡¼ Á¦À۵ǾúÀ¸¸ç À̸¦ ¼±¹Ú¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹åÁÙ·Î ¿¹ÀÎÇÑ ´ÙÀ½,
¼³Ä¡À§Ä¡¿¡¼ ¹°À» ä¿ö °¡¶ó¾ÉÈ÷°í
ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®¸¦ ä¿ì´Â Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ Ä³À̽¼Àº ¿øÇüÀÇ Çü»óÀ¸·Î Á¦ÀÛÇÏ¿© ¹æÇ⼺ÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç
À̷νá Á¼Àº ÇØÇùÀÇ °ÇÑ À¯¼Ó¿¡¼ º¸´Ù ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ̸ç
Á¶Á¤Çϱ⠿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ Ä³À̽¼ ±âÃʸ¦ À§ÇÏ¿© "underwater nondisintegration concrete"¶ó´Â
»õ·Î¿î ¼öÁß ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Main Tower Foundation Specifications
2P (3P)
- Construction method Installed caisson
- Support Ground Akashi stratum(Kobe stratum)
- Caisson Dimensions 80m dia. * 70m(78m dia. * 67m)
- Quantity of materials Steel 15,800(15,200) tons
- Concrete 355,000(322,000) §©
7. HISTORY
- 1955 4 JNR commenced study of 'Honshi Awaji line' (A route).
- 1959 4 Ministry of Construction commenced highway study.
- 1969 5 New Comprehensive National Development Plan approved. (Three routes authorized)
- 1970 7 Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority founded.
- 1973 10 Ministry of Construction and Transportation approved construction plans for three routes.
- 1975 8 Gov't. decided to construct one route (Seto Ohashi Bridge) and bridges useful for regional development.
- 1985 12 Gov't. decided to construct Akashi Kaikyo Bridge.
- 1986 4 Ground-breaking ceremony of Akashi Kaikyo Bridge.
- 1986 7 Geological survey of construction site commenced.
- 1987 4 Construction survey for tower foundation (experimental excavation, etc.) commenced.
- 1988 5 On-site construction commenced.
- 1989 3 2P steel caisson installed.
- 1989 6 3P steel caisson installed.
- 1990 1 4A foundation work commenced.
- 1990 3 1A foundation work commenced.
- 1992 4 Erection work for 2P tower commenced.
- 1992 6 Erection work for 3P tower commenced.
- 1992 9 1A foundation work completed.
- 1992 12 4A foundation work completed.
- 1993 1 Erection work for 2P tower completed.
- 1993 4 Erection work for 3P tower completed.
- 1993 11 Pilot ropes crossed over each span by helicopter.
- 1994 6 Erection work for strands commenced.
- 1994 11 Erection work for strands finished.
- 1995 6 Erection work for stiffening girders commenced.
- 1996 9 All stiffening girders linked.
- 1997 10 Pavement of deck commenced.
- 1998 4 Opened to traffic.
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